What started with a few committed neighbors helping young people in the Lower East Side, has since evolved into one of the country’s FIRST and most cost-effective Alternative to Incarceration (ATI) program today.
In 1974, Robert Siegal, an NYU student working out of his small apartment near Tompkins Square Park, had a vision to provide the youth on the Lower East Side with a safe space to do their homework, get meals, play basketball and socialize with their community and peers.
At a time when the Alternative to Incarceration (ATI) model was relatively new, Robert began working across the criminal justice system to build relationships with the local precinct officers and advocate for court-involved youth to be offered services in the courtroom. Befriending a NYPD Police Officer from Harlem, Andrew Glover, who patrolled the LES and provided after school activities for the local youth, Robert and Officer Glover teamed up to help bring Robert’s initial vision to life.
With the mission growing, Robert was able to hire his first assistant through the generous donation of the newly created New York Urban Coalition, and friend David Smith. The assistant he hired was none other than current Co-Founder and President Angel Rodriguez, who at the time was a youth counselor at the local Boy’s Club. With Angel at his side, the duo began the hard work in and outside of the courtrooms, advocating for disadvantaged youth.
In September 1975, just one block from what is now our LES community center at 100 Avenue B, Robert’s longtime friend and champion, Officer Glover, was tragically killed in the line of duty. As Robert began to consider launching a non-profit organization, he asked Officer Glover's family for permission to name it the Andrew Glover Youth Program (AGYP) in honor of the impact Glover had on the neighborhood youth. Sadly, in 1978 Robert’s own life was also cut short due to illness at the age of 28.
The mission and the non-profit were left to Angel to continue the work that Robert and Officer Glover had started. In 1979, Angel incorporated the Andrew Glover Youth Program (renamed in 2016 as Avenues for Justice), and a year later went on to secure headquarters inside the Manhattan Criminal Courthouse. Advocating before the judges that youths aged 13-24 receive holistic wraparound services, our headquarters gave us access to rapidly respond to youth entering for court dates. After working within the Manhattan Criminal Courthouse for a couple of years, the organization eventually purchased their flagship Robert Siegal Center on Avenue B by Tompkins Square Park.
In the 1980s, Angel was joined by several neighbors and volunteers who still continue a relationship with AFJ today, including (ret.) Honorable Judge Michael Corriero, who helped launch the Youth Part model in Manhattan that prosecutes young people separately from adults and promotes ATI services in September 1992. This model is now used nationwide.
Over the last 45 years, Avenues for Justice’s work has proved to be an enormous success, with a 94% success rate of avoiding reconviction within three years of enrolling in our program, and serving over 500 of NYC’s youths each year.
In tandem with Robert’s initial vision, AFJ assists our Participants with their legal matters along with providing services for job training, educational and academic assistance, mental health wellness services, and much more, through our HIRE UP program. Our work today is possible thanks to our Co-founder, Robert Siegal, who planted the roots of our ATI model in the Lower East Side all those years ago.
While the criminal justice system seeks retribution for past misdeeds, our program seeks to prevent our participants from engaging in future crime and help them lead successful lives going forward. Validated by neurological and psychological studies that confirm that young adults’ brains do not fully mature until age 25, AFJ’s approach has always been non-punitive because decision making capability in young adults is not fully developed and they have a high capacity for rehabilitation and positive change. AFJ’s results confirm this approach.
AFJ maintains centers in underserved communities where many of our Participants live. If our Participants require specialized support (e.g. mental health or substance counseling) we refer them to providers in or close to the community whenever possible. Most of our Court Advocates are life-long residents of those very communities and know them well, including how to enlist the community in supporting our Participants. In turn, the communities know and trust us with their young people.
Court Advocates perform a variety of functions in our program including intake, program design, case management, mentoring, and advocacy in Court—all of which are detailed in this paper. The key to their success is establishing a consistent, trusting, honest “all-in” relationship with their Participants—a relationship many of our Participants lack when they come to us. Such a relationship is necessary to bring about behavior change.
The Court Advocate co-creates a comprehensive individual action plan (Individual Action Plan) with and for every participant. The Individual Action Plan addresses a person with a specific set of needs, risks and strengths and therefore is more likely to succeed in preventing future crime and changing behavior than a uniform approach. Further, when possible, the Individual Action Plan addresses and enlists the participant’s family as well.
Our Participants are accountable to us and the court. Similarly, we hold ourselves accountable to the court, our Participants, and the community. The foundation of accountability is transparency and honesty. This starts by encouraging our Participants to be honest with themselves and acknowledge the reality of their current situation and their role in creating it. Moreover, if a Participant deviates from the individual plan, we will report it to the court, while developing solutions to get the Participant back on track.
Our program is goal based and risk based, not time based. We want the Participant to remain with AFJ as long as necessary to address the risks facing the Participant, achieve the goals of their Individual Action Plan and maximize the likelihood that their gains will be sustainable. In our experience, the chances such progress will be sustainable increase with longer engagements. Thus, the average length of time Participants stay in the program is 3 years so they can be further along in their development before they leave.
Our core competency is helping justice involved young people, ages 13-24, through a combination of court advocacy, mentorship, and intensive case management. We partner with and make referrals to third party service providers with proven track records in mental health services and drug rehabilitation.
We collect data on our program to measure our performance and effectiveness. However, our Participants are people, not statistics. Our impact cannot be measured solely by data. We collect and disseminate our Participants’ stories to communicate to the public, on a human level, that our Participants face significant challenges but can overcome them with the right support.